cmc denervation cpt code. NCT03558204. cmc denervation cpt code

 
NCT03558204cmc denervation cpt code Selective thumb carpometacarpal joint denervation for painful arthritis: clinical outcomes and cadaveric study

01. 2 percent of men with this problem. 1. Before undergoing surgical CMC denervation, patients received a joint block at the first CMC joint with 0. 2018. 2 The dorsal part of the SLL is the strongest and the primary stabiliser of the SL joint and can resist forces of up to 260 N. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the articular branches supplying the thumb CMC joint and. This technique has been shown to provide pain relief with minimal complications and a quickSacroiliac (SI) Joint Nerve Denervation (CPT Code 64625) Medicare does not have a National Coverage Determination (NCD) for SI nerve denervation. 10, 11, 12 Anatomic studies have shown that sensory innervation of the CMC joint is derived from branches of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, and radial sensory. 2) Late effect of contusion (nonspecific) (906. Radiofrequency Facet Denervation (also known as non-pulsed radiofrequency denervation, facet neurotomy, facet rhizotomy, or articular rhizolysis) of cervical facet joints (C2-C3 thru C7-T1 vertebrae) and lumbar facet joints (T12-L1 thru L5-S1 vertebrae) may. Introduction. 0 cm (12046)2. Garfield, NJ. dcepeda New. 69. #2. jhsa. 8 First described in 1991, thumb CMC denervation has reported success rates in the literature ranging from 35% to 87% in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis. The Tenodesis Screw with a convenient disposables kit the CMC Ligament Reconstruction Kit will enable a faster, more convenient repair providing strong and immediate fixation of the tendon graft. CPT® Code Description PI 2021 Medicare National ASC Average Payment 2021 Medicare National Average Physician Payment (Facility Setting) 27130 Arthroplasty, acetabular and proximal femoral prosthetic replacement (total hip arthroplasty), with or without autograft or allograft J8 $8,833 $1,322 Ambulatory Surgical Center Physician CPT® Code. 03) Thumb base metacarpal fracture, open (815. No hemodynamic deterioration or worsening of renal function was observed. 2021;22(1):62. 10 $761 CMC Joint Fusion CPT® Code Description 2020 Total RVUs 2020 Medicare National Average Payment 26841 Arthrodesis, carpometacarpal joint, thumb, with or without internal fixation; 21. DOI: 10. ICD 10 code for Muscle wasting and atrophy, not elsewhere classified, unspecified site. [Epub ahead of print]. 53 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Some authors have described the nerve branches of thumb CMC joint. 7) Late effect, arm fracture (nonspecific) (905. Surgical denervation of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a theoretical surgical option for thumb CMC arthritis. CPT® Knowledge Base is a compendium of real life coding questions asked by the. Late effect, arm fracture (nonspecific) (905. Location. Note: Report CPT code 64999 when facet cyst aspiration/rupture. 25% bupivacaine. Coding Index: CPT Hand Codes: ICD Hand Codes: AMA:. 27). John Flint specializes in surgical and nonsurgical treatment options for the hand, elbow and shoulder. Question ID : 12304. Renal denervation did not result in any significant long-term increase in renal artery stenosis or worsening of renal function. 3. 5 months). 25446 . Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. CMC denervation with extension to the wrist was similar to the technique described by Giesen et al. Some authors have described the nerve branches of thumb CMC joint. Carpal bone dislocations: an analysis of twenty cases with relative emphasis on the role of crushing mechanisms. 2. 01. 2 Dry mouth, unspecified Group 4 Paragraph: CPT® code 64612; HCPCS codes J0585, J0586, J0587, J0588 Group 4 Codes: (34 Codes) CODE DESCRIPTION G24. 6 months, pain was reduced from mean of 8. 541 - M12. 0 “primary arthrosis of first carpometacarpal joint, bilateral “ M18. Non-thermal facet joint denervation (including chemical, low grade thermal energy [<80 degrees Celsius] or any other form of pulsed radiofrequency) should not be reported with CPT codes 64633, 64634, 64635 or 64636. Best answers. 1,2 Although debated, the cause of this condition is generally thought to be mechanical wear. N. Coding and Payment Guide for Medicare Reimbursement: The following are the 2018 Medicare coding and national payment rates for Radio Frequency Ablation (Peripheral Nerves) procedures performed in an ambulatory surgical center, physician office, or outpatient hospital. Non-thermal facet joint denervation (including chemical, low grade thermal energy [<80 degrees Celsius] or any other form of pulsed radiofrequency) should not be reported with CPT codes 64633, 64634, 64635 or 64636. Carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroplasty surgery, although modifications have occurred over time, continues to be commonly performed and has provided patients with their desired pain relief and return of function. Examination findings may include tenderness tocompression and limited range of motion. Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint denervation is a relatively novel method for the management of osteoarthritis-associated pain by selective transection of articular nerve branches of the CMC joint. according to your report the doctor is using RF Denervation for all levels, you code per nerve root meaning L3-L5=2 nerve roots, two levels, L5-S1=2 nerve roots, two levels; all four bilateral, so the correct coding should be: L3-L5, L5-S1 facets (bilateral L3,L4, "L5" medial branches)) codes and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes listed in this policy are for reference purposes only. Contusion Sprain / Strain / Ligament Injuries ICD9 Codes Thumb base metacarpal fracture, closed (815. You may develop scar tenderness. Results: Denervation was safe, with less downtime than trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition and provided durable complete or partial relief of pain after 5 years in 5 of 9. 0) Pain in joint, forearm (719. These patients who underwent secondary LRTI after denervation reported their recurrence of pain at 16. 2018. 061. It can be hypothesized that part or all of the pain relief. Lipoaspirate is rich in ASCs and is evolving into a promising, less-invasive tool to treat thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis as compared with common surgical techniques, for example, trapeziectomy or prosthesis implantation. 6) Late effect of sprain/strain (nonspecific) (905. Fenig performs to treat this pain. Bilateral Painful CMC OA No MCP joint hyperextension LEFT SIDE Preoperative Work Up Immediate Post Op –2012 MALE 61 Y. 2018 Facility (Hospital / surgi- center, etc. 26230. 10. Access the full ICD-10 Coding Guide for $9. 9. 2. A review of four cases. 14,16,19 The baseline pain scores and postoperative pain scores from these studies were pooled and analyzed using a 2-sided paired t test (α = 0. Arthrotomy, for infection, with exploration, drainage or removal of foreign body; carpometacarpal joint (26070) Arthrotomy, for infection, with exploration, drainage or removal of foreign body; metacarpophalangeal joint (26075) Arthrotomy, for infection, with exploration, drainage or removal of foreign body; interphalangeal joint, each (26080)Forearm deep fascia. Located at the base of the thumb, the basal joint usually moves quite freely to help position the thumb. Author Joan Arenas-Prat 1 Affiliation 1 *Serveis Mèdics Penedès, Department. Keywords: Denervation, CMC, joint. For the study cohort, the conversion rate to T + LRTI at 2 years was 9%. 2 3 Some studies have reported that the efficacy of partial neurectomy in relieving chronic wrist pain is inconsistent as compared with total. 4. All patients demonstrated improved grip strength at diagnostic injection. 1. Basilar Thumb Arthritis is a form of arthritis that causes pain at the base of the thumb and difficulty with pinching and grasping due to carpal-metacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis. Diagnosis is made clinically with a painful CMC grind test and radiographs of the hand showing osteoarthritis of the 1st CMC joint. In that case, you should report 25447 with 26480 ( Transfer or transplant of tendon, carpometacarpal area or dorsum of hand; without free graft, each tendon ). Capsulorrhaphy or reconstruction, wrist, any method eg, capsulodesis, ligament repair, tendon transfer or graft) (includes synovectomy, capsulectomy, and open reduction) for carpal instability (25320) Reconstruction of unstable distal. 0 branch at the fifth carpometacarpal (CMC) joint (range, 0–2; Table 1). The insurance company is denying the 64627 stating this is an. ICD and CPT Codes for Hand Surgery. 1097/00130911-200303000-00006. and/or intercarpal and/or carpometacarpal joints) 21. C. American. 3 The avascular. 2) Traumatic arthropathy, forearm (716. 95 post op (P<0. Phase. 7) Arthrotomy, distal radioulnar joint for repair of triangular cartilage complex (25107)Denervation of the wrist joint for the management of chronic pain. #1. 2). Other patients may be better served with a vasectomy reversal, conversion to an open-ended vasectomy, excision of a sperm granuloma, or epididymectomy. Jan 25, 2017. I am hesitant, would this approach my provider is describing qualify as MIS as he states his approach is. Neurectomy of the dorsal ulnar sensory nerve articular branches. He billed 64626-RT x 1 and 64627-RT, 64627-RT, 64627-RT, 64627-RT, 64627-RT. jss. Pain scores for AKP were significantly better in the denervation group at 3 months but not at 12 and 24 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of papers and abstracts was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord is one surgical treatment Dr. We present the results of a prospective study of 31 thumbs in 30 patients affected by primary osteoarthritis at the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC1) joint who were treated with denervation of the involved joint. Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a common disorder that negatively impacts hand function. To apply the principles of therapeutic joint denervation to treat thumb CMC arthritis, a basic understanding of the innervation patterns to the CMC joint is needed. Wrist Denervation. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M26. 10. Pain, strength, range of motion, DASH. Coverage is subject to the specific terms of the member's benefit plan. Pooled analysis of 3 studies on the first carpometacarpal joint showed a statistically significant (P < . 61 ± 2. Neurectomy of the anterior interosseus nerve. An instruction was discovered in the Medicare MAC NGS Coding Article 52863 Pain Management related to the new sacroiliac RFA code. Previous work from our group examined the use of selective denervation of the thumb CMC as a safe, effective, and novel option for patients with CMC osteoarthritis. Code Description. Phase 1: Studies that emphasize safety and how the drug is metabolized and excreted in humans. Surgical Procedures on the Hand and Fingers. Average follow up at 31. FIGURE 3-2 . hansur. Metacarpophalangeal dislocation, closed (834. 011. doi: 10. Results Of 169 references, 17 articles reporting on 384 denervations in 351 patients were selected. These services should be reported with CPT code 64999. Foucher et al. Early-stage arthritis is often amenable to nonsurgical treatment with an orthosis and steroid injections. Look @ 833. Back to work the day after. Table of Contents - All Files. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Branches arising from the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, and radial. Superficial radial nerve. Should I be coding under the 64600-64681 or using the unlisted code 64999. Cost effectiveness of lung-volume-reduction surgery for patients. Previous work from our group examined the use of selective denervation of the thumb CMC as a safe, effective, and novel option for patients with CMC osteoarthritis. clinical literature on CMC denervation for CMC OA. @article{Rath2022DenervationOT, title={Denervation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint for symptomatic osteoarthritis in 46 patients. ICD-10 Codes Description K11. The purpose of this study is to analyse the evidence for thumb CMCJ denervation; evaluating patient selection, surgical techniques, complications and outcomes. Coding: Arthritis of the basal joint is often treated with an arthroplasty. 5 months in the arthroplasty group). It pierces the deep fascia of the forearm approximately 7 cm proximal to the radiocarpal joint (9 cm proximal to radial styloid) runs over snuff box to supply dorsal radial surface of hand. Selective denervation has been successfully employed to treat arthritis pain in a number of joints throughout the body. An anatomic spinal region for thermal facet joint denervation is defined as cervical/thoracic (CPT codes 64633 and 64634) or lumbar/sacral (CPT codes 64635 and 64636) per the AMA CPT Manual. 6) Late effect of sprain/strain (nonspecific) (905. Lateral femoral cutaneous sensory nerve B. #1. Innervation of thumb carpometacarpal joint: implications for diagnostic block and denervation proceduresJoint denervation, a technique yielding good reproducible results in wrist and first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis, is, at the proximal interphalangeal joint level, a good alternative to implant arthroplasty or arthrodesis. For additional information or to schedule an appointment, visit or call 928-773-2280. Occipital Nerve (CPT Code 64744) for Treatment of Headaches . The complications of primary surgery, although relatively rare, can present in various clinical ways. Arthroplasty of the basal joint of the thumb. 9, 10, 11 Cadaveric. Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement; distal radius :AHA Coding Clinic ® for HCPCS - 2017 Issue 2; Ask the Editor Carpometacarpal arthroplasty. 10. A total of 100 patients with carpo-metacarpal (CMC) arthritis will be enrolled in the study. In younger patients, a CMC denervation procedure of the first carpometacarpal joint tends to provide reliable improvement in. [20], with additional interruption of the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN). Complete wrist denervation through a dorsal approach including neurectomy of the posterior. 11. Injections for plantar fasciitis are addressed by 20550 and ICD-10-CM M72. Overall procedure volume data are reported as number of patients with the given CPT code in the database output in a given year. 25447: interposition arthroplasty, intercarpal, or carpometacarpal joints; 26480: tendon transfer or transplant, carpometacarpal area or dorsum of hand, single, without free graft, each. 11. 17. 4) per month after ablation. MCP Joint Dislocation / Ligament Injury CPT Codes. Hand osteoarthritis—a heterogeneous disorder. Hand Surg Rehabil. With the introduction of novel methods, new technologies and amended trial designs, it is now rising like a phoenix out of the ashes. Hand surgeons who document thumb carpometa-carpal stabilization" " "Eaton procedure" or "LRTI" in their notes often stump orthopedic coders who cannot locate any such descriptors in CPT. We read with great interest the recent systematic review by Teo I. 11) Metacarpal base fracture, open (815. Complete wrist denervation through a dorsal approach including neurectomy of the posterior. 61 ± 2. Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement, trapezium (25445) Interposition arthroplasty, intercarpal or carpometacarpal joints (25447) Partial Trapezoid excision. Local Coverage Determinations. PROCEDURE: An incision was made over the radial edge of the flexor pronator mass just distal to the elbow flexion crease. Denervation of the thumb CMC joint has emerged as a viable treatment option. 64905 states a first stage nerve transfer, however we are not doing staged work, we are doing a permanent transfer. In an Ambulatory Surgical. 9% Renal denervation, bilateral 5192 0339T $4,679 $4,953 5. 4 million people in the UK have osteoarthritis of the hand, requiring two million primary care consultations per annum. Most men are able to return to their usual activities within 1 to 3 days after the procedure. Quick reference tables. 53 - other international versions of ICD-10 M26. 0001). 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Temple University Hospital, 6th Floor OPB, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. 25447 Includes Trapezium Excision. 02) Metacarpal shaft fracture, closed (815. Patients who had denervation were 49% male compared to 24% male in the non-denervation group and were of similar ages 63±8 vs 62±8 years in the denervation. 11) Metacarpal base fracture, open (815. 10 $761 CMC Joint Fusion CPT® Code Description 2020 Total RVUs 2020 Medicare National Average Payment 26841 Arthrodesis, carpometacarpal joint, thumb, with or without internal fixation; 21. wneu. and Riley N. Description of Procedure or Service Facet joint denervation is performed under local anesthetic and with fluoroscopic guidance. 43) Crushing injury, wrist (927. 00 57250 Posterior repair, rectocele N/A $614 N/A 17. cgallimore said: Hi, There isn't a CPT code for this procedure. Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement, trapezium (25445) Interposition arthroplasty, intercarpal or carpometacarpal joints (25447) Partial Trapezoid excision. 2 branch at the ulnocarpal joint (range, 0–2) and 1. Release Skin / Fascia; Release Tendon / Muscle; Release Joint; Contractures Basal joint / First web space; Boutonniere; Burn; Dupuytren'sFrom AMA CPT 2020: “For bilateral paravertebral facet injection procedures, report 64490, 64493 with modifier 50. You may develop numbness from nerve damage during surgery. 7 to 0. Diagnosis is made clinically with a painful CMC. This procedure is performed when all other treatment options. Undoubtedly, denervation of the first carpometacarpal (CMC-1) joint represents a promising treatment alternative for patients suffering from CMC-1-joint osteoarthritis, resistant to conservative. Documentation, Utilization and ICD-10-CM coding sections have been added. Compared with other surgical treatment options, function is preserved and the rehabilitation time is limited. Abstract and Figures. 67, p < . 04)M18. This pain affects the quality of life in 2. Use the following codes for facet joint denervation: 64633 Destruction by neurolytic agent, paravertebral facet joint nerve (s), with imaging guidance (fluoroscopy or CT); cervical or thoracic, single facet joint. 03) to postoperatively (M = 1. Right wrist denervation with 1) posterior interosseous neurectomy, 2) anterior interosseous neurectomy, 3) articular branch of the superfici. For coding purposes, these two injections are considered a single injection service. Three incisions were made (Fig. Jul 2, 2009. What are the risks of CMC ligament repair? You may bleed more than expected or get an infection. Low complexity – 15 minutes: 99213. CPT Code 64772, Surgical Procedures on the Extracranial Nerves, Peripheral Nerves, and Autonomic Nervous System, Transection or Avulsion Procedures on. Neurolysis is performed with. Since the resulting chemical denervation of muscle produces local paresis or paralysis, selected muscles can be treated. 9% $2,003 $2,142 6. 3 weeks vs 4. 9, 10, 11. BOSTON — In this video from the American Society for Surgery of the Hand Annual Meeting, Joshua Hustedt, MD, said patients with carpometacarpal arthritis recover faster from carpometacarpal. Between June 1995 and June 2013, a total of 648 patients underwent SPD for ST. 0. Berger RA. In an Ambulatory Surgical. For the study cohort, the conversion rate to T + LRTI at 2 years was 9%. Need help with CPT and modifiers for the following scenario: Denervation of branches using transection from: 1. Long-term follow-up. 1 out of 10. 1. Injections for plantar fasciitis are addressed by 20550 and ICD-10-CM M72. 1016/j. The main function of abductor pollicis brevis is the abduction of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint. It runs from the scaphoid and trapezium carpal bones, and from the flexor retinaculum to the proximal phalanx of thumb. 0. 8 months, range = 3-90 months). 2-fold increase in the incidence of non-denervation CMC OA surgery over that same time (Figure 1B). 3. 2. PHYSICAL THERAPY. 50. MCP Ligament Injury Codes. 21) Late effect of sprain/strain (nonspecific) (905. Code 25442, Arthroplasty with prosthetic replacement; distal ulna, is a procedure in which the distal end of the ulna is removed and replaced with a prosthesis. 1016/j. Thread starter cclarson; Start date Aug 11, 2020; Create Wiki Sort by date. A systematic review | Thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMCJ OA) is a common problem. Methods: In this paper, we present a 4- to 6-year follow-up case series on patients who underwent CMC denervation between 2015 and 2017. NCT03558204. This article was converted to the new Billing and Coding Article type. The DBUN gave an average of 1. A list of the most common CPT codes for a PM&R and interventional pain management clinic. I agree with 20600 for the CMC injection code. You don't have many to choose from depending on that was done or using an unlisted code 29999. The same would apply if ultrasound guided. Post-operative VAS decreased to an average of 3. The clinical outcomes were more effective in the early-stage group (Eaton stages I and II. Pooled analysis of 3 studies on the first carpometacarpal joint showed a statistically significant (P < . 25% bupivacaine. Joint denervation, a technique yielding good reproducible results in wrist and. Society. 08/01/2019 R4 The title of the article has been revised to add Billing and Coding. The 24359 has to do with the tendon and the 64718 is focused on the nerve - 2 different animals. Late effect, arm fracture (nonspecific) (905. 20612 Aspiration and/or injection of ganglion cyst(s) any location 20615 Aspiration and injection for treatment of. The present. Messages 167 Location Conway, SC Best answers 0. Terminal branches. MCP Joint Dislocation / Ligament Injury CPT Codes. 1 “primary arthrosis of first carpometacarpal joint, unilateral “ M25. Patient with right thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint instability, carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis, and wrist scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) arthritis presents for treatment of the thumb and wrist. 2011;8:22–31. Denervation for CMC osteoarthritis was first described by Cozzi in 1991 [21] in a book chapter, with “good” results in 87% of patients, but no further description of data acquisition and interpretation. Before undergoing surgical CMC denervation, patients received a joint block at the first CMC joint with 0. 0 cm (12045) Layer closure of wounds of neck, hands, feet and/or external genitalia; 20. 7 Disturbances of salivary secretion This article was converted to the new Billing and Coding Article type. 1,2 The mechanism usually occurs during hyperextension from high-velocity blunt trauma, mainly punching or falling. Osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal (CMC)-1 joint is a common condition that can cause significant pain and functional problems. Phase 2: Studies that gather preliminary data on effectiveness (whether the drug works in people who have a certain disease or condition) and additional safety data. M18. Best answers. 2017. American Society for Surgery of the Hand assh. When a patient experiences pain thatis not relieved by conservative therapies, a corticosteroid injectionis indicated. Innervation of the dorsal aspect of the wrist joint. Botulinum toxins are used in the treatment of overactive skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and glands. 2019 Jan;44(1):64. In5 to 10 days: You will have a follow-up appointment with your surgeon. Answer: The carpometacarpal joint is considered a small joint, therefore, it is appropriate to report code 20600, Athrocentesis, aspiration, and/or injection, small joint or bursa (eg, fingers, toes); without ultrasound guidance, for this procedure. Thillemann TM, Munk B, Krøner K. American. Arthritis of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the hand is a common and often debilitating disease. 2022. 7) Late effect, arm fracture (nonspecific) (905. Password Forgot my Password. 2-fold increase in the incidence of non-denervation CMC OA surgery over that same time (Figure 1B). 69 ± 1. Phase. Full size table. ICD-10 Codes Description K11. Arthrotomy, for infection, with exploration, drainage or removal of foreign body; carpometacarpal joint (26070) Arthrotomy, for infection, with exploration, drainage or removal of foreign body; metacarpophalangeal joint (26075) Arthrotomy, for infection, with exploration, drainage or removal of foreign body; interphalangeal joint, each (26080)This pain affects the quality of life in 2. Sacro-iliac joint/nerve denervation procedures are also considered investigational and not medically necessary. interosseous nerve. My physician performed an Epidural Lysis and performed three injections over the course of three days. 7 to 0. Percutaneous skeletal fixation of metacarpal fracture, each bone (26608) Percutaneous skeletal fixation of metacarpophalangeal dislocation, single, with manipulation (26706)W/larger drill bit a hole made in the base of thumb metacarpal. Both codes 62263 and 62264 should be reported only one time for the entire series of injections, infusions, or mechanical lysis procedures performed, not per adhesiolysis treatment. Before undergoing surgical CMC denervation, patients received a joint block at the first CMC joint with 0. Selective denervation of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a viable approach to treat pain and disability associated with CMC arthritis, with less morbidity and faster. 052. 1016/j. jhsa. 11) Metacarpal base fracture, open (815. 53 became effective on October 1, 2023. 3-2 ). H J Klein , 10. Suture was tied over the bridge between the 2 smaller holes. Ankeny, IA. The preferred surgical option when conservative therapy fails varies with the stage and nature of the disease. Patients who had denervation were 49% male compared to 24% male in the non-denervation group and were of similar ages 63±8 vs 62±8 years in the denervation. Besides denervation and arthrodesis, arthroplasty is a valuable alternative treatment. Listing of a service code in this policy does not imply that the service described by this code is a covered or non-covered health service. You don't have many to choose from depending on that was done or using an unlisted code 29999. Carpometacarpal dislocations. 001) reduction in pain scores from baseline (M = 6. 03. It lies at first slightly lateral to the radial artery, concealed beneath the Brachioradialis. Wang and colleagues (2015) noted that selective peripheral denervation (SPD) is currently the primary surgical treatment for ST. 2019.